HİPERBOLİK

Hiperbolik funksiyalar - elementar funksiyalar ailəsindəndir.Triqonometrik funksiyaların analoqu sayılır.Əsas Hiperbolik funksiyalar bunlardır: Hiperbolik sinus Hiperbolik kosinus Hiperbolik tangens Hiperbolik kotangens Tərs Hiperbolik funksiyalar isə bunlardır: Hiperbolik arksinus Hiperbolik arkskosinus Hiperbolik arkstangens Hiperbolik arkskotangens == Riyazi hesablamalarda == Hiperbolik funksiyalar aşağıdakı funksiyalardan ibarətdir: Hiperbolik sinus: sinh ⁡ x = e x − e − x 2 = e 2 x − 1 2 e x {\displaystyle \sinh x={\frac {e^{x}-e^{-x}}{2}}={\frac {e^{2x}-1}{2e^{x}}}} Hiperbolik kosinus: cosh ⁡ x = e x + e − x 2 = e 2 x + 1 2 e x {\displaystyle \cosh x={\frac {e^{x}+e^{-x}}{2}}={\frac {e^{2x}+1}{2e^{x}}}} Hiperbolik tangens: tanh ⁡ x = sinh ⁡ x cosh ⁡ x = e x − e − x e x + e − x = e 2 x − 1 e 2 x + 1 {\displaystyle \tanh x={\frac {\sinh x}{\cosh x}}={\frac {e^{x}-e^{-x}}{e^{x}+e^{-x}}}={\frac {e^{2x}-1}{e^{2x}+1}}} Hiperbolik kotangens: coth ⁡ x = cosh ⁡ x sinh ⁡ x = e x + e − x e x − e − x = e 2 x + 1 e 2 x − 1 {\displaystyle \coth x={\frac {\cosh x}{\sinh x}}={\frac {e^{x}+e^{-x}}{e^{x}-e^{-x}}}={\frac {e^{2x}+1}{e^{2x}-1}}} Hiperbolik sekans: sech x = ( cosh ⁡ x ) − 1 = 2 e x + e − x = 2 e x e 2 x + 1 {\displaystyle \operatorname {sech} \,x=\left(\cosh x\right)^{-1}={\frac {2}{e^{x}+e^{-x}}}={\frac {2e^{x}}{e^{2x}+1}}} Hiperbolik kosekans: csch x = ( sinh ⁡ x ) − 1 = 2 e x − e − x = 2 e x e 2 x − 1 {\displaystyle \operatorname {csch} \,x=\left(\sinh x\right)^{-1}={\frac {2}{e^{x}-e^{-x}}}={\frac {2e^{x}}{e^{2x}-1}}} Hiperbolik funksiyalar xəyali vahid (i) dairəsi ilə aşağıdakı kimi də ifade edilir: Hiperbolik sinus: sinh ⁡ x = − i sin ⁡ i x {\displaystyle \sinh x=-{\rm {i}}\sin {\rm {i}}x\!} Hiperbolik kosinus: cosh ⁡ x = cos ⁡ i x {\displaystyle \cosh x=\cos {\rm {i}}x\!} Hiperbolik tangens: tanh ⁡ x = − i tan ⁡ i x {\displaystyle \tanh x=-{\rm {i}}\tan {\rm {i}}x\!} Hiperbolik kotangens: coth ⁡ x = i cot ⁡ i x {\displaystyle \coth x={\rm {i}}\cot {\rm {i}}x\!} Hiperbolik sekans: sech x = sec ⁡ i x {\displaystyle \operatorname {sech} \,x=\sec {{\rm {i}}x}\!} Hiperbolik kosekans: csch x = i csc i x {\displaystyle \operatorname {csch} \,x={\rm {i}}\,\csc \,{\rm {i}}x\!} i, i2 = −1 - xəyali vahiddir. == Hiperbolik funksiyaların törəmələri == d d x sinh ⁡ x = cosh ⁡ x {\displaystyle {\frac {d}{dx}}\sinh x=\cosh x\,} d d x cosh ⁡ x = sinh ⁡ x {\displaystyle {\frac {d}{dx}}\cosh x=\sinh x\,} d d x tanh ⁡ x = 1 − tanh 2 ⁡ x = sech 2 x = 1 / cosh 2 ⁡ x {\displaystyle {\frac {d}{dx}}\tanh x=1-\tanh ^{2}x={\hbox{sech}}^{2}x=1/\cosh ^{2}x\,} d d x coth ⁡ x = 1 − coth 2 ⁡ x = − csch 2 x = − 1 / sinh 2 ⁡ x {\displaystyle {\frac {d}{dx}}\coth x=1-\coth ^{2}x=-{\hbox{csch}}^{2}x=-1/\sinh ^{2}x\,} d d x csch x = − coth ⁡ x csch x {\displaystyle {\frac {d}{dx}}\ {\hbox{csch}}\,x=-\coth x\ {\hbox{csch}}\,x\,} d d x sech x = − tanh ⁡ x sech x {\displaystyle {\frac {d}{dx}}\ {\hbox{sech}}\,x=-\tanh x\ {\hbox{sech}}\,x\,} d d x arsinh x = 1 x 2 + 1 {\displaystyle {\frac {d}{dx}}\,\operatorname {arsinh} \,x={\frac {1}{\sqrt {x^{2}+1}}}} d d x arcosh x = 1 x 2 − 1 {\displaystyle {\frac {d}{dx}}\,\operatorname {arcosh} \,x={\frac {1}{\sqrt {x^{2}-1}}}} d d x artanh x = 1 1 − x 2 {\displaystyle {\frac {d}{dx}}\,\operatorname {artanh} \,x={\frac {1}{1-x^{2}}}} d d x arcsch x = − 1 | x | 1 + x 2 {\displaystyle {\frac {d}{dx}}\,\operatorname {arcsch} \,x=-{\frac {1}{\left|x\right|{\sqrt {1+x^{2}}}}}} d d x arsech x = − 1 x 1 − x 2 {\displaystyle {\frac {d}{dx}}\,\operatorname {arsech} \,x=-{\frac {1}{x{\sqrt {1-x^{2}}}}}} d d x arcoth x = 1 1 − x 2 {\displaystyle {\frac {d}{dx}}\,\operatorname {arcoth} \,x={\frac {1}{1-x^{2}}}} == Hiperbolik funksiyaların inteqralları == ∫ sinh ⁡ a x d x = a − 1 cosh ⁡ a x + C {\displaystyle \int \sinh ax\,dx=a^{-1}\cosh ax+C} ∫ cosh ⁡ a x d x = a − 1 sinh ⁡ a x + C {\displaystyle \int \cosh ax\,dx=a^{-1}\sinh ax+C} ∫ tanh ⁡ a x d x = a − 1 ln ⁡ ( cosh ⁡ a x ) + C {\displaystyle \int \tanh ax\,dx=a^{-1}\ln(\cosh ax)+C} ∫ coth ⁡ a x d x = a − 1 ln ⁡ ( sinh ⁡ a x ) + C {\displaystyle \int \coth ax\,dx=a^{-1}\ln(\sinh ax)+C} ∫ d u a 2 + u 2 = sinh − 1 ⁡ ( u a ) + C {\displaystyle \int {\frac {du}{\sqrt {a^{2}+u^{2}}}}=\sinh ^{-1}\left({\frac {u}{a}}\right)+C} ∫ d u u 2 − a 2 = cosh − 1 ⁡ ( u a ) + C {\displaystyle \int {\frac {du}{\sqrt {u^{2}-a^{2}}}}=\cosh ^{-1}\left({\frac {u}{a}}\right)+C} ∫ d u a 2 − u 2 = a − 1 tanh − 1 ⁡ ( u a ) + C ; u 2 < a 2 {\displaystyle \int {\frac {du}{a^{2}-u^{2}}}=a^{-1}\tanh ^{-1}\left({\frac {u}{a}}\right)+C;u^{2}<a^{2}} ∫ d u a 2 − u 2 = a − 1 coth − 1 ⁡ ( u a ) + C ; u 2 > a 2 {\displaystyle \int {\frac {du}{a^{2}-u^{2}}}=a^{-1}\coth ^{-1}\left({\frac {u}{a}}\right)+C;u^{2}>a^{2}} ∫ d u u a 2 − u 2 = − a − 1 sech − 1 ⁡ ( u a ) + C {\displaystyle \int {\frac {du}{u{\sqrt {a^{2}-u^{2}}}}}=-a^{-1}\operatorname {sech} ^{-1}\left({\frac {u}{a}}\right)+C} ∫ d u u a 2 + u 2 = − a − 1 csch − 1 ⁡ | u a | + C {\displaystyle \int {\frac {du}{u{\sqrt {a^{2}+u^{2}}}}}=-a^{-1}\operatorname {csch} ^{-1}\left|{\frac {u}{a}}\right|+C} C sabit ədəddir. == Loqarifmaaltı tərs hiperbolik funksiyalar == arsinh x = ln ⁡ ( x + x 2 + 1 ) {\displaystyle \operatorname {arsinh} \,x=\ln \left(x+{\sqrt {x^{2}+1}}\right)} arcosh x = ln ⁡ ( x + x 2 − 1 ) ; x ≥ 1 {\displaystyle \operatorname {arcosh} \,x=\ln \left(x+{\sqrt {x^{2}-1}}\right);x\geq 1} artanh x = 1 2 ln ⁡ 1 + x 1 − x ; | x | < 1 {\displaystyle \operatorname {artanh} \,x={\tfrac {1}{2}}\ln {\frac {1+x}{1-x}};\left|x\right|<1} arcoth x = 1 2 ln ⁡ x + 1 x − 1 ; | x | > 1 {\displaystyle \operatorname {arcoth} \,x={\tfrac {1}{2}}\ln {\frac {x+1}{x-1}};\left|x\right|>1} arsech x = ln ⁡ 1 + 1 − x 2 x ; 0 < x ≤ 1 {\displaystyle \operatorname {arsech} \,x=\ln {\frac {1+{\sqrt {1-x^{2}}}}{x}};0<x\leq 1} arcsch x = ln ⁡ ( 1 x + 1 + x 2 | x | ) {\displaystyle \operatorname {arcsch} \,x=\ln \left({\frac {1}{x}}+{\frac {\sqrt {1+x^{2}}}{\left|x\right|}}\right)} == Teylor ardıcıllığı üçün hiperbolik funksiyalar == sinh ⁡ x = x + x 3 3 ! + x 5 5 ! + x 7 7 ! + ⋯ = ∑ n = 0 ∞ x 2 n + 1 ( 2 n + 1 ) ! {\displaystyle \sinh x=x+{\frac {x^{3}}{3!}}+{\frac {x^{5}}{5!}}+{\frac {x^{7}}{7!}}+\cdots =\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }{\frac {x^{2n+1}}{(2n+1)!}}} cosh ⁡ x = 1 + x 2 2 ! + x 4 4 ! + x 6 6 ! + ⋯ = ∑ n = 0 ∞ x 2 n ( 2 n ) !