Viola

Bənövşə (bitki)
Bənövşə (bitki)
Elmi təsnifat
	Domen: Eukariotlar Klad: Diaphoretickes Ranqsız: Arxeplastidlər Aləm: Bitkilər Klad: Streptophyta Klad: Embryophytes Klad: Polysporangiophytes Klad: Tracheophytes Klad: Toxumlu bitkilər Klad: Çiçəkli bitkilər Klad: Eudicots Klad: Core eudicots Klad: Superrosids Klad: Rosids Klad: Fabids Dəstə: Malpigiyaçiçəklilər Fəsilə: Bənövşəkimilər Cins: Bənövşə
Beynəlxalq elmi adı
	Viola L., 1753;
ITIS	22030
NCBI	13757

Bənövşə (lat. Viola)^[3] — bənövşəkimilər fəsiləsinə aid bitki cinsi.^[4]

Şimal yarımkürəsində dağlarda və mülayim iqlim zonalarında bitən 500-ə (bəzi mənbələrə görə isə 700-ə) yaxın bioloji növü məlumdur.

Yayılması[redaktə | mənbəni redaktə et]

Bu cinsin növünə görə ən çox yayıldığı yer mülayim iqlim zonalarından Şimali Amerika, And dağları və Yaponiyadır.

Bir çox növü Cənubi Amerikada olan And dağları üçün xarakterikdir. Bir neçə növü Braziliyanın subtropik zonalarında, Cənubi Afrikada, Avstraliyada, Yeni Zelandiyada, Cənubi Sandviç adalarında yayılıb.

Növləri[redaktə | mənbəni redaktə et]

Çəmənlik bənövşəsi (Viola arvensis Murr.)
Ətirli bənövşə (Viola odorata L.)
Üçrəng bənövşə (Viola tricolor L.)

Viola abyssinica Steud. ex Oliv.
Viola acanthophylla Leybold ex Reiche
Viola accrescens Klokov
Viola acuminata Ledeb.
- Viola acuminata var. acuminata
Viola acutifolia (Kar. & Kir.) W. Becker
Viola adunca Sm.
- Viola adunca var. cascadensis (M.S. Baker) C.L. Hitchc.
- Viola adunca f. masonii (Farw.) B. Boivin
- Viola adunca var. minor (Hook.) Fernald
- Viola adunca var. uncinulata (Greene) C.L. Hitchc.
Viola aizoon Reiche
Viola alaica Vved.
Viola albida Palib.
- Viola albida var. albida
- Viola albida var. takahashii (Nakai) Nakai
Viola allochroa Botsch.
Viola altaica Ker Gawl.
Viola angustifolia Phil.
Viola araucaniae Becker
Viola arborescens L.
Viola arcuata Blume
Viola arguta Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.
Viola arguta x dombeyana
Viola arvensis Murray
- Viola arvensis subsp. arvensis
Viola atropurpurea Leyb.
Viola aurantiaca Leybold
Viola aurata Phil.
Viola aurea Kellogg
Viola auricula Leyb.
Viola bangii Rusby
Viola barroetana W. Schaffn.
Viola beckwithii Torr. & A. Gray
Viola belophylla H. Boissieu
Viola × bernardii (Greene) 91+(pro sp.)+
Viola betonicifolia Sm.
Viola bicolor Pursh
Viola biflora L.
- Viola biflora var. biflora
- Viola biflora subsp. carlottae Calder & Roy L.Taylor
- Viola biflora var. rockiana (W. Becker) Y.S. Chen
- Viola biflora var. sitchensis (Bong. ex Ledeb.) Regel
Viola boliviana Britton
Viola brachyceras Turcz.
Viola brachypetala Gay
Viola bridgesii Britton
Viola buchtienii Gand.
Viola bulbosa Maxim.
Viola bustillosia Gay
Viola calderensis Becker
Viola cameleo H. Boissieu
Viola canadensis L.
- Viola canadensis var. rugulosa (Greene) C.L. Hitchc.
- Viola canadensis subsp. scopulorum (A. Gray) House
Viola canescens Wall.
Viola cerasifolia Saint-Hilaire
Viola chaerophylloides (Regel) W. Becker
- Viola chaerophylloides var. chaerophylloides
- Viola chaerophylloides var. sieboldiana (Maxim.) Makino
Viola chamaedrys Leybold
Viola changii J.S. Zhou & F.W.Xing
Viola charlestonensis M.S. Baker & J.C. Clausen
Viola cochranei Ballard
Viola collina Besser
- Viola collina var. collina
Viola columnaris Skottsb.
Viola commersonii DC.
Viola confertifolia Chang
Viola conspersa Rchb.
Viola corralensis Phil.
Viola cotyledon Ging.
Viola cuatrecasasii L.B. Sm. & A. Fernández
Viola cucullata Aiton
- Viola cucullata var. leptosepala (Greene) W. Stone
- Viola cucullata var. macrotis (Greene) W. Stone
- Viola cucullata f. prionosepala (Greene) Brainerd
Viola cuicochensis Hieron.
Viola curicoensis Becker
Viola cuspidifolia W. Becker
Viola cyathiformis Becker,W.
Viola dactyloides Schult.
Viola davidii Franch.
Viola decipiens Reiche
Viola delavayi Franch.
Viola diamantiaca Nakai
Viola dimorphophylla Y.S. Chen & Q.E.Yang
Viola disjuncta W.Becker
Viola dissecta Ledeb.
- Viola dissecta var. dissecta
Viola dombeyana DC.
Viola domeykoana Gay
Viola duclouxii W. Becker
Viola ecuadorensis W. Becker
Viola emarginata (Nutt.) Leconte
Viola eminii (Engl.) R.E. Fr.
Viola epipsiloides Á.Löve & D.Löve
Viola escarapela J.M. Watson & A.R. Flores
Viola evae Hieron.
Viola fargesii H. Boissieu
Viola faurieana W. Becker
Viola fedtschenkoana W. Becker
Viola flagelliformis Hemsl.
Viola flavicans Wedd.
Viola formosana Hayata
- Viola formosana var. formosana
- Viola formosana var. kawakamii (Hayata) Y.S. Chen & Q.E.Yang
Viola forrestiana W. Becker
Viola friderici Becker
Viola frigida Phil.
Viola fuscifolia W. Becker
Viola galeanaensis M.S. Baker
Viola germainii Sparre
Viola glaberrima (Ging.) House
Viola glacialis Poepp. & Endl.
Viola glandularis H.E. Ballard & P. Jørg.
Viola glechomoides Leyb.
Viola gmeliniana Roem. & Schult.
Viola godoyae Phil.
Viola gracillima Saint-Hilaire
Viola grahamii Benth.
Viola grandisepala W. Becker
Viola granulosa Wedd.
Viola grypoceras A. Gray
Viola guatemalensis W. Becker
Viola hamiltoniana D. Don
Viola hancockii W. Becker
Viola hederacea Labill.
Viola hediniana W. Becker
Viola hemsleyana Calderón
Viola henryi H. Boissieu
Viola hillii W. Becker
Viola hirtipes S. Moore
Viola hondoensis W. Becker & H. Boissieu
Viola hookeriana Kunth
Viola howellii A.Gray
Viola huesoensis Martic.
Viola huidobrii Gay
Viola humilis Kunth
Viola hymettia Boiss. & Heldr.
Viola incisa Turcz.
Viola incognita Brainerd
Viola inconspicua Blume
Viola ircutiana Turcz.
Viola jalapaensis W. Becker
Viola japonica Langsd. ex DC.
Viola joergensenii W. Becker
Viola johnstonii Becker
Viola jordanii Hanry
- Viola jordanii var. falconeri (Hook. f. & Thomson) W. Becker
Viola kermesina W. Becker
Viola kitaibeliana Schult.
Viola kosanensis Hayata
Viola kunawurensis Royle
Viola kusanoana Makino
Viola kwangtungensis Melch.
Viola labradorica Schrank
Viola lactiflora Nakai
Viola lanceolata L.
- Viola lanceolata subsp. vittata (Greene) N. Russell
Viola langsdorffii Fisch. ex Ging.
Viola lanifera Becker
Viola lavrenkoana Klokov
Viola lehmannii W. Becker
Viola leyboldiana Phil.
Viola llullaillacoensis W. Becker
Viola lucens W. Becker
Viola macloskeyi F.E. Lloyd
- Viola macloskeyi var. macloskeyi
Viola macroceras Bunge
Viola maculata Cav.
- Viola maculata var. microphyllos (Poir.) DC. ex Ging.
Viola magellanica Poir.
Viola magnifica Ching J. Wang ex X.D. Wang
Viola mandshurica W. Becker
Viola matutina Klokov
Viola mauritii Tepl.
Viola membranacea W. Becker
Viola micranthella Wedd.
Viola milanae Vl.V.Nikitin
Viola minutiflora Phil.
Viola mirabilis L.
Viola mongolica Franch.
Viola montana L.
Viola moupinensis Franch.
Viola mucronulifera Hand.-Mazz.
Viola muehldorfii Kiss
Viola muliensis Y.S. Chen & Q.E.Yang
Viola munbyana Boiss. & Reut.
Viola nagasawae Makino & Hayata
- Viola nagasawae var. nagasawae
Viola nanlingensis J.S. Zhou & F.W.Xing
Viola nannei Pol.
Viola nassauvioides Phil.
Viola nemoralis Kütz.
- Viola nemoralis var. abbreviata Vl.V.Nikitin
Viola nephrophylla Greene
Viola nobilis W. Becker
Viola nubigena Leyb.
Viola nuda W. Becker
Viola obtusa (Makino) Makino
Viola occulta Lehm.
Viola odorata L.
Viola orientalis W.Becker
Viola ovalleana Phil.
Viola oxyodontis Ballard
Viola painteri Rose & House
Viola pallascaensis W. Becker
Viola palmata L.
- Viola palmata var. asarifolia (Pursh) House
- Viola palmata var. variabilis (Greene) W. Stone
- Viola palmata var. villosa (Walter) B.L. Rob.
Viola palustris L.
Viola patrinii Ging.
- Viola patrinii var. acuminata (Franch. & Sav.) Makino
Viola pekinensis (Regel) W. Becker
Viola pendulicarpa W. Becker
Viola perpusilla H. Boissieu
Viola phalacrocarpa Maxim.
Viola philippica Cav.
- Viola philippica var. philippica
- Viola philippica var. pseudojaponica (Nakai) Y.S. Chen
Viola pilosa Blume
Viola polycephala H.E. Ballard & P. Jørg.
Viola polypoda Turcz.
Viola portulacea Leyb.
Viola praemorsa Douglas
- Viola praemorsa var. altior Blank.
- Viola praemorsa var. bakeri (Greene) J.T. Howell
- Viola praemorsa subsp. flavovirens (Pollard) Fabijan
- Viola praemorsa var. praemorsa
Viola primulifolia L.
- Viola primulifolia var. acuta (Bigelow) Torr. & A. Gray
- Viola primulifolia var. cordata (Walter) DC.
- Viola primulifolia subsp. occidentalis (A. Gray) L.E. McKinney & R.J. Little
- Viola primulifolia subsp. villosa (Eaton) N. Russell
Viola prionantha Bunge
Viola pulvinata Reiche
Viola pusilla Poepp.
Viola pusillima Wedd.
Viola pygmaea Juss. ex Poir.
Viola raddeana Regel
Viola reichei Skottsb. ex Macloskie
Viola reichenbachiana Jord. ex Boreau
Viola replicata W. Becker
Viola rhombifolia Leybold
Viola riviniana Rchb.
Viola roigii Rossow
Viola rossii Hemsl.
Viola rosulata Poepp. & Endl.
Viola rubella Cav.
Viola rudolphii Sparre
Viola rugosa Phil. ex W. Becker
Viola rupestris F.W.Schmidt
- Viola rupestris var. glaberrima Murb.
- Viola rupestris subsp. rupestris
Viola saccata Melch.
Viola sacchalinensis H.Boissieu
- Viola sacchalinensis var. alpicola P.Y. Fu & Y.C. Teng
- Viola sacchalinensis var. sacchalinensis
Viola santiagoensis Becker,W.
Viola savatieri Makino
Viola scandens Humb. & Bonpl. ex Schult.
Viola scotophylla Jord.
Viola seleriana W. Becker
Viola selkirkii Pursh ex Goldie
Viola sempervivum Gay
Viola senzanensis Hayata
Viola septentrionalis Greene
Viola serrula W. Becker
Viola sikkimensis W. Becker
Viola skottsbergiana Becker
Viola sororia Willd.
- Viola sororia subsp. affinis (Leconte) R.J. Little
- Viola sororia var. missouriensis (Greene) L.E. McKinney
- Viola sororia var. novae-angliae (House) L.E. McKinney
- Viola sororia var. sororia
Viola sphaerocarpa W. Becker
Viola steinbachii W. Becker
Viola stewardiana W. Becker
Viola stipularis Sw.
Viola striatella H. Boissieu
Viola suavis M.Bieb.
Viola subsinuata (Greene) Greene
Viola sumatrana Miq.
Viola szetschwanensis W. Becker & H. Boissieu
Viola tenuicornis W. Becker
- Viola tenuicornis subsp. tenuicornis
- Viola tenuicornis subsp. trichosepala W. Becker
Viola tenuissima Chang
Viola thomsonii Oudem.
Viola thymifolia Britton
Viola tienschiensis W. Becker
Viola × tigirekica Vl.V.Nikitin
Viola toroensis Martic.
Viola triangulifolia W. Becker
Viola trichopetala C.C. Chang
Viola tricolor L.
- Viola tricolor f. tenella (Muhl.) Farw.
Viola tridentata Menz. ex DC.
Viola trinervata (Howell) Howell ex A. Gray
Viola × tuvinica Vl.V.Nikitin
Viola umbraticola Kunth
Viola uniflora L.
Viola urophylla Franch.
- Viola urophylla var. urophylla
Viola vallenarensis Becker
Viola vallicola A. Nelson
Viola variegata Fisch. ex Link
Viola veronicifolia Planch. & Linden
Viola viarum Pollard
Viola violacea Makino
Viola volcanica Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.
- Viola volcanica var. volcanica
Viola wallichiana Ging.
Viola weberbaueri W. Becker
Viola websteri Hemsl.
Viola weibelii J.F. Macbr.
Viola yezoensis Maxim.
Viola yunnanensis W. Becker & H. Boissieu
Viola yunnanfuensis W. Becker

İstinadlar[redaktə | mənbəni redaktə et]

↑ Linney K. Genera plantarum eorumque characteres naturales, secundum numerum figuram, situm, & proportionem omnium fructificationis partium. 5 Stokholm: 1754. S. 402. doi:10.5962/BHL.TITLE.746
↑ Linnæi C. Species Plantarum (lat.): Exhibentes plantas rite cognitas ad genera relatas. 1753. C. 2. S. 933.
↑ Nurəddin Əliyev. Azərbaycanın dərman bitkiləri və fitoterapiya. Bakı, Elm, 1998.
↑ Elşad Qurbanov. Ali bitkilərin sistematikası, Bakı, 2009.

Bənövşə (bitki):The Plant List saytında takson barədə məlumat. (ing.)

Həmçinin bax[redaktə | mənbəni redaktə et]

İkiləpəlilər ilə əlaqədar bu məqalə qaralama halındadır. Məqaləni redaktə edərək Vikipediyanı zənginləşdirin.

[_c3cb95e10bcbdf59-1] Linney K. Genera plantarum eorumque characteres naturales, secundum numerum figuram, situm, & proportionem omnium fructificationis partium. 5 Stokholm: 1754. S. 402. doi:10.5962/BHL.TITLE.746

[_e742dd852f5a67e4-2] Linnæi C. Species Plantarum (lat.): Exhibentes plantas rite cognitas ad genera relatas. 1753. C. 2. S. 933.

[3] Nurəddin Əliyev. Azərbaycanın dərman bitkiləri və fitoterapiya. Bakı, Elm, 1998.

[4] Elşad Qurbanov. Ali bitkilərin sistematikası, Bakı, 2009.

[3]

[4]

[1]

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