I. s. correspondence; ~ təhsil tuition by correspondence; postal tuition; ~ kurslar extra-mural courses, correspondence / postal courses; ~ hökm judgement by default / in absentia
II. z. 1. by correspondence, in smb.’s absence; without seeing; 2. hüq. by default; bir kəsi ~ məhkum etmək to try / to sentence smb. in his / her absence